All the nouns of the second declension are masculine or neuter. The masculine nouns possess one of three different (nominative singular / vocative singular) types, but decline the same way in all other cases. Like the first and neuter second declensions, the noun endings define number, gender and case. Note again how the nouns are defined by their nominative and genitive singular forms.

SECOND DECLENSION (MASCULINE)

Type I domin-us, domin-i, m. lord, master
Type II gladi-us, gladi-i m. sword
Type III puer, puer-i, m. boy
Type IV magister, magist-ri, m. teacher, captain

Case Singular Plural

Nominative domin-us domin-i
Vocative domin-e domin-i
Accusative domin-um domin-os
Genitive domin-i domin-orum
Dative domin-o domin-is
Ablative domin-o domin-is

amicus, -i, m. ally, (male) friend
ager, -ri, m. field
armiger, -i, m. armour-bearer, squire
cibus, -i, m. food
coquus, -i, m. cook
discipulus, -i, m. student
faber, -ri, m. craftsman, artisan, smith
focus, -i, m. hearth, fireplace, (fig) home
fluvius, -i, m. stream, river
inimicus, -i, m. enemy, foe
lectus, -i, m. bed
portus, -i, m. harbour, stronghold
servus, -i, m. slave, servant
stilus, -i, m. quill, pen

Type III & IV nominative singular endings and type II, III & IV vocative singular endings are omitted; e.g. (I) domin-us, domin-e, but (II) gladi-us, gladi, (III) puer, puer and (IV) magister, magister.

The final vowel in type IV stems is also omitted in all cases except the nominative singular and vocative singular; e.g. (II) puer, puer-i, puer-um, etc. but (III) magister, magist-ri, magist-rum, etc.

(female) friend would be amica, -ae, f., and mistress or lady would be domina, -ae, f.

FOURTH CONJUGATION

vid-eo, vid-ere, see, look

Present Indicative Tense (Active)

1st person sing. vid-eo I see
2nd person sing. vid-es you see
3rd person sing. vid-et he, she, it sees
1st person plur. vid-emus we see
2nd person plur. vid-etis you all see
3rd person plur. vid-ent they see

Imperative Tense (Active)

Singular vid-e (you) see!
Plural vid-ete (you all) see!
Infinitive Tense (Active)
Present vid-ere to see

debeo, -ere, ought, should, must
doceo, -ere, teach
exerceo, -ere, exercise, work, drill
faveo, -ere, befriend, favour
foveo, -ere, warm, keep warm, cherish
gaudeo, -ere, rejoice, happy
habeo, -ere, have, hold, possess, (pas) take
moveo, -ere, move
salveo, -ere, greet
sedeo, -ere, sit
taceo, -ere, quiet, silent
timeo, -ere, fear
valeo, -ere, farewell

The medieval day was split up into twelve hours, regardless of how seasonally long or short the day was. Time was then colloquially split into periods based upon when prayers were said.

Adjectives are words which add themselves to, and help describe, nouns, e.g. the red cat. Adjectives in Latin must be the same in form to the number, case and gender of the noun they are describing.

For these adjectives, to describe feminine nouns, they have the same endings as the first declension. To describe neuter nouns, they have the same endings as neuter nouns of the second declension. To describe masculine nouns, they have the same endings as masculine nouns of the second declension.

FIRST & SECOND DECLENSION ADJECTIVES

Type I bon-a, bon-um, bon-us, good
Type III miser-a, mis-erum, mis-er, wretched
Type IV pulchr-a, pulch-rum, pulch-er, beautiful

calida, -um, -us, hot
callida, -um, -us, clever
clara, -um, -us, clear, loud
frigidus, -um, us, cold
magna, -um, -us, big, great
mala, -um, -us, bad, evil
multa, -um, -us, many
nova, --um, -us, new
parva, -um, -us, small
pauca, -um, -us, few
praeclara, -um, -us, famous
stulta, -um, -us, silly, foolish

Possessive Adjectives

mea, -um, -us, my, mine
nostra, -rum, -er our
sua, -um, -us his, her, its, their
tua, -um, -us, your

Translate into good English.

Translate into good Latin.

New Adverbs & Conjunctions for exercises 51 - 75

Next Time:
Possum I can & Volo I want
3rd Conjugation Verbs
Numbers
Noun Acquisition: Eating & Drinking
Noun Acquisition: Playing Chess